Automate a desktop

ComputerBox runs a full Linux desktop (XFCE) inside an isolated VM and gives you programmatic control over the screen, mouse, and keyboard. Use it when you need GUI automation — filling out forms, testing desktop apps, or driving tools that don’t have a CLI.

Need browser automation only? Use BrowserBox instead — it’s lighter and gives you direct Playwright/Puppeteer access without a full desktop.

What you’ll build

A script that:

Launches a ComputerBox with a GUI desktop
Takes a screenshot
Uses the mouse and keyboard to interact with the desktop
Automates a complete workflow: open a text editor, type content, and save

Prerequisites

Python
Node.js

pip install boxlite

Requires Python 3.10+.

npm install @boxlite-ai/boxlite

Requires Node.js 18+.

Step 1: Launch and take a screenshot

Create a ComputerBox, wait for the desktop to be ready, and capture a screenshot.

Python
Node.js

screenshot.py

import asyncio
import base64
from boxlite import ComputerBox


async def main():
    async with ComputerBox() as desktop:
        # Wait for the GUI desktop to fully load
        await desktop.wait_until_ready()
        print("Desktop is ready")

        # Take a screenshot
        screenshot = await desktop.screenshot()
        print(f"Screen size: {screenshot['width']}x{screenshot['height']}")

        # Save the screenshot to a file
        with open("desktop.png", "wb") as f:
            f.write(base64.b64decode(screenshot["data"]))
        print("Screenshot saved to desktop.png")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

screenshot.js

import { ComputerBox } from '@boxlite-ai/boxlite';
import { writeFileSync } from 'fs';

async function main() {
  const desktop = new ComputerBox();
  try {
    // Wait for the GUI desktop to fully load
    await desktop.waitUntilReady();
    console.log('Desktop is ready');

    // Take a screenshot
    const screenshot = await desktop.screenshot();
    console.log(`Screen size: ${screenshot.width}x${screenshot.height}`);

    // Save the screenshot to a file
    writeFileSync('desktop.png', Buffer.from(screenshot.data, 'base64'));
    console.log('Screenshot saved to desktop.png');
  } finally {
    await desktop.stop();
  }
}

main();

What’s happening:

ComputerBox boots a VM with the lscr.io/linuxserver/webtop:ubuntu-xfce image — a full Ubuntu desktop with XFCE
wait_until_ready() blocks until the desktop environment is loaded and responsive
screenshot() returns a base64-encoded PNG with the current screen contents

Step 2: Mouse interaction

Move the cursor, click, double-click, and drag.

Python
Node.js

mouse.py

import asyncio
from boxlite import ComputerBox


async def main():
    async with ComputerBox() as desktop:
        await desktop.wait_until_ready()

        # Move the mouse to coordinates (512, 384)
        await desktop.mouse_move(512, 384)

        # Check where the cursor is
        x, y = await desktop.cursor_position()
        print(f"Cursor is at ({x}, {y})")

        # Click at the current position
        await desktop.left_click()

        # Double-click to open an item
        await desktop.double_click()

        # Right-click for context menu
        await desktop.right_click()

        # Drag from one position to another
        await desktop.left_click_drag(100, 100, 400, 400)

        print("Mouse interactions complete")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

mouse.js

import { ComputerBox } from '@boxlite-ai/boxlite';

async function main() {
  const desktop = new ComputerBox();
  try {
    await desktop.waitUntilReady();

    // Move the mouse to coordinates (512, 384)
    await desktop.mouseMove(512, 384);

    // Check where the cursor is
    const [x, y] = await desktop.cursorPosition();
    console.log(`Cursor is at (${x}, ${y})`);

    // Click at the current position
    await desktop.leftClick();

    // Double-click to open an item
    await desktop.doubleClick();

    // Right-click for context menu
    await desktop.rightClick();

    // Drag from one position to another
    await desktop.leftClickDrag(100, 100, 400, 400);

    console.log('Mouse interactions complete');
  } finally {
    await desktop.stop();
  }
}

main();

Mouse methods reference

Method (Python)	Method (Node.js)	Description
`mouse_move(x, y)`	`mouseMove(x, y)`	Move cursor to coordinates
`left_click()`	`leftClick()`	Left click at current position
`right_click()`	`rightClick()`	Right click at current position
`double_click()`	`doubleClick()`	Double left click
`triple_click()`	`tripleClick()`	Triple left click (select line)
`left_click_drag(sx, sy, ex, ey)`	`leftClickDrag(sx, sy, ex, ey)`	Drag from start to end
`cursor_position()`	`cursorPosition()`	Get current cursor (x, y)

Step 3: Keyboard input

Type text and press key combinations.

Python
Node.js

keyboard.py

import asyncio
from boxlite import ComputerBox


async def main():
    async with ComputerBox() as desktop:
        await desktop.wait_until_ready()

        # Type text characters
        await desktop.type("Hello from BoxLite!")

        # Press Enter
        await desktop.key("Return")

        # Press a key combination (Ctrl+A to select all)
        await desktop.key("ctrl+a")

        # Press Ctrl+C to copy
        await desktop.key("ctrl+c")

        # Switch windows with Alt+Tab
        await desktop.key("alt+Tab")

        print("Keyboard interactions complete")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

keyboard.js

import { ComputerBox } from '@boxlite-ai/boxlite';

async function main() {
  const desktop = new ComputerBox();
  try {
    await desktop.waitUntilReady();

    // Type text characters
    await desktop.type('Hello from BoxLite!');

    // Press Enter
    await desktop.key('Return');

    // Press a key combination (Ctrl+A to select all)
    await desktop.key('ctrl+a');

    // Press Ctrl+C to copy
    await desktop.key('ctrl+c');

    // Switch windows with Alt+Tab
    await desktop.key('alt+Tab');

    console.log('Keyboard interactions complete');
  } finally {
    await desktop.stop();
  }
}

main();

Key syntax reference (xdotool format)

The key() method uses xdotool key syntax:

Key	Syntax
Enter	`Return`
Tab	`Tab`
Escape	`Escape`
Backspace	`BackSpace`
Delete	`Delete`
Space	`space`
Arrow keys	`Up`, `Down`, `Left`, `Right`
Function keys	`F1`, `F2`, … `F12`
Page keys	`Page_Up`, `Page_Down`, `Home`, `End`
Modifiers	`ctrl`, `alt`, `shift`, `super`
Combinations	`ctrl+c`, `ctrl+shift+s`, `alt+Tab`

Step 4: Automate a full workflow

Put it all together — open a text editor, type content, save the file, and verify with a screenshot.

Python
Node.js

workflow.py

import asyncio
import base64
from boxlite import ComputerBox


async def main():
    async with ComputerBox(cpu=2, memory=2048) as desktop:
        await desktop.wait_until_ready()

        # Open the Mousepad text editor (comes with XFCE)
        # Double-click on the desktop to deselect, then use the app menu
        await desktop.key("ctrl+alt+t")  # Open terminal
        await asyncio.sleep(2)
        await desktop.type("mousepad /tmp/notes.txt &")
        await desktop.key("Return")
        await asyncio.sleep(3)

        # Type content into the editor
        await desktop.type("Meeting Notes")
        await desktop.key("Return")
        await desktop.key("Return")
        await desktop.type("1. Review Q4 targets")
        await desktop.key("Return")
        await desktop.type("2. Plan sprint backlog")
        await desktop.key("Return")
        await desktop.type("3. Assign action items")

        # Save the file with Ctrl+S
        await desktop.key("ctrl+s")
        await asyncio.sleep(1)

        # Take a screenshot to verify
        screenshot = await desktop.screenshot()
        with open("workflow_result.png", "wb") as f:
            f.write(base64.b64decode(screenshot["data"]))
        print("Workflow complete — screenshot saved to workflow_result.png")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

workflow.js

import { ComputerBox } from '@boxlite-ai/boxlite';
import { writeFileSync } from 'fs';

function sleep(ms) {
  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}

async function main() {
  const desktop = new ComputerBox({ cpus: 2, memoryMib: 2048 });
  try {
    await desktop.waitUntilReady();

    // Open the Mousepad text editor (comes with XFCE)
    await desktop.key('ctrl+alt+t');  // Open terminal
    await sleep(2000);
    await desktop.type('mousepad /tmp/notes.txt &');
    await desktop.key('Return');
    await sleep(3000);

    // Type content into the editor
    await desktop.type('Meeting Notes');
    await desktop.key('Return');
    await desktop.key('Return');
    await desktop.type('1. Review Q4 targets');
    await desktop.key('Return');
    await desktop.type('2. Plan sprint backlog');
    await desktop.key('Return');
    await desktop.type('3. Assign action items');

    // Save the file with Ctrl+S
    await desktop.key('ctrl+s');
    await sleep(1000);

    // Take a screenshot to verify
    const screenshot = await desktop.screenshot();
    writeFileSync('workflow_result.png', Buffer.from(screenshot.data, 'base64'));
    console.log('Workflow complete — screenshot saved to workflow_result.png');
  } finally {
    await desktop.stop();
  }
}

main();

You can also view the desktop live in your browser at http://localhost:3000 (or whatever port you set with gui_http_port). This is helpful for debugging automation scripts — watch what’s happening in real time while your code runs.

Constructor options

Parameter	Python	Node.js	Default	Description
CPU cores	`cpu`	`cpus`	`2`	Number of CPU cores
Memory	`memory`	`memoryMib`	`2048`	Memory in MiB
HTTP port	`gui_http_port`	`guiHttpPort`	`3000`	Port for browser-based desktop access
HTTPS port	`gui_https_port`	`guiHttpsPort`	`3001`	Port for secure desktop access

What’s next?

Automate a browser

Use BrowserBox for browser-only automation with Playwright or Puppeteer — lighter than a full desktop.

Handle errors and debug

Catch exceptions, handle timeouts, and debug failures in your automation scripts.

ComputerBox API reference

Full API docs for all mouse, keyboard, and display methods.

Connect to an LLM

Give an LLM the ability to control a desktop by wiring up ComputerBox to function calling.

Getting Started

Tutorials

Guides

SDK Reference

Architecture

Resources

Development

What you’ll build

Prerequisites

Step 1: Launch and take a screenshot

Step 2: Mouse interaction

Mouse methods reference

Step 3: Keyboard input

Key syntax reference (xdotool format)

Step 4: Automate a full workflow

Constructor options

What’s next?

Automate a browser

Handle errors and debug

ComputerBox API reference

Connect to an LLM

Getting Started

Tutorials

Guides

SDK Reference

Architecture

Resources

Development

​What you’ll build

​Prerequisites

​Step 1: Launch and take a screenshot

​Step 2: Mouse interaction

​Mouse methods reference

​Step 3: Keyboard input

​Key syntax reference (xdotool format)

​Step 4: Automate a full workflow

​Constructor options

​What’s next?

Automate a browser

Handle errors and debug

ComputerBox API reference

Connect to an LLM

What you’ll build

Prerequisites

Step 1: Launch and take a screenshot

Step 2: Mouse interaction

Mouse methods reference

Step 3: Keyboard input

Key syntax reference (xdotool format)

Step 4: Automate a full workflow

Constructor options

What’s next?